| Best practices and practical strategies for co-designing virtual reality with Indigenous peoples: A scoping review protocolVirtual reality (VR) is gaining traction in healthcare, education, and cultural sectors, from simulations in medical education to immersive museum experiences. Recently, VR has emerged as a powerful tool for Indigenous cultural preservation, language revitalization, and storytelling, offering immersive ways to safeguard knowledge and strengthen community connections. However, despite VR’s potential to support Indigenous self-determination, little is known about the extent of Indigenous leadership, engagements, and settler-Indigenous collaborations in VR development. There is a critical need to examine how VR can be ethically and meaningfully co-designed with Indigenous communities to ensure cultural integrity, respect for Indigenous knowledge systems, and equitable participation in technological innovation. Thus, this scoping review aims to identify practical strategies and best practices for co-designing VR with Indigenous communities. In accordance with the JBI methodology, we will conduct a comprehensive search across seven electronic databases, including MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), Scopus, Web of Science, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Compendex (Engineering Village), and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global (ProQuest). Google Scholar will also be searched for grey literature sources. Eligible studies will focus on Indigenous populations (Population) and fully immersive VR co-design (Concept) across various contexts. Studies that do not discuss the design process will be excluded. Two independent reviewers will conduct literature screening, data extraction, and analysis, with findings synthesized narratively and presented in a structured charting table. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal publication and shared with relevant community partners to support knowledge translation and application. University of British Columbia | Scientific Excellence - Advancing Knowledge | 2025-06-02 | Lillian Hung, Lenny Fisher, Jeffrey Wong, Yong (Peter) Zhao, Katrina Yuen, Haopu (Lily) Ren |
| Ethical considerations in the use of social robots for supporting mental health and wellbeing in older adults in long-term care University of British Columbia | Scientific Excellence - Advancing Knowledge | 2025-01-01 | Lillian Hung, Yong (Peter) Zhao, Hadil Alfares, Parsa Shafiekhani |
| Exploring bed sensor technology: interdisciplinary insights in a geriatric assessment inpatient setting University of British Columbia | Scientific Excellence - Advancing Knowledge | 2025-01-01 | Yong (Peter) Zhao, Cromwell G Acosta, Yayan Ye, Karen Lok Yi Wong, Joanna Lawrence, Michelle Towell, Heather D’Oyley, Marion Mackay-Dunn, Bryan Chow, Lillian Hung |
| Facilitators and barriers to codesigning social robots with older adults living with dementia: A scoping review University of British Columbia | Scientific Excellence - Advancing Knowledge | 2025-01-01 | Lillian Hung, Irene Chen, Joey Wong, Yong (Peter) Zhao, Karen Lok Yi Wong, Sadaf Murad-Kassam, Lynn Jackson |
| Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing VR in Dementia Care Training for Formal Caregivers: A Scoping Review University of British Columbia | Scientific Excellence - Advancing Knowledge | 2025-01-01 | Lillian Hung, Carol Hok, Ka Ma, Chih Yun Huang, Joey Oi, Yee Wong, Karen Lok, Yi Wong, Keng Hao Chew, Lily Haopu Ren, Yong (Peter) Zhao |
| Facilitators, barriers, and impacts to implementing dementia care training for staff in long-term care settings by using fully immersive virtual reality: a scoping review University of British Columbia | Scientific Excellence - Advancing Knowledge | 2025-01-01 | Lillian Hung, Carol Hok Ka Ma, Chih Yun Huang, Joey Wong, Karen Lok Yi Wong, Keng Hao Chew, Ying Cheng Chao, Ali Hussein, Katrina Yuen, Lily Haopu Ren, Yong (Peter) Zhao |
| Feasibility and acceptability of gamified cycling exercise for residents in a long-term care home: A qualitative study University of British Columbia | Scientific Excellence - Advancing Knowledge | 2025-01-01 | Lillian Hung, Zhiqi Shen, Joey Cheung, Michelle Lam, Jamie Lam, Tiffany Wu, Rikki Wu, Arwen Fong, Michelle Xiao, Riea Singh, Yang Qiu, Lily Wong, Yong (Peter) Zhao |
| The Impact of Telepresence Robots on Family Caregivers and Residents in Long-Term Care University of British Columbia, Independent | Scientific Excellence - Advancing Knowledge | 2025-01-01 | Lillian Hung, Joey Oi Yee Wong, Haopu (Lily) Ren, Yong (Peter) Zhao, Jason Jincheng Fu, Jim Mann, Lun Li |
| The Use and Impact of Virtual Reality Programs Supported by Aromatherapy for Older Adults: A Scoping Review University of British Columbia, Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo | Scientific Excellence - Advancing Knowledge | 2024-01-01 | Lillian Hung, Joey Wong, Karen Lok Yi Wong, Rynnie Cin Ee Son, Mary Van, W. Ben Mortenson, Angelica Lim, Jennifer Boger, Christine Wallsworth, Yong (Peter) Zhao |